Coastal ecosystem change in Asia: hypoxia,eutrophication, and nutrient conditions     

Guo  Xinyu  Morimoto  Akihiko  Zhou  Feng  Yoshie  Naoki  Damar  Ario  Takikawa  Tetsutaro 《Journal of Oceanography》2021,77(6):829-830

Journal of Oceanography -  相似文献   

Finite-difference model of land subsidence caused by cluster loads in Zhengzhou,China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Yue-wen  WANG Xiu-yan  LIU Chang-li  LI Bing-yan 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(1):43-56

Groundwater exploitation has been regarded as the main reason for land subsidence in China and thus receives considerable attention from the government and the academic community.Recently,building loads have been identified as another important factor of land subsidence,but researches in this sector have lagged.The effect of a single building load on land subsidence was neglected in many cases owing to the narrow scope and the limited depth of the additional stress in stratum.However,due to the superposition of stresses between buildings,the additional stress of cluster loads is greater than that of a single building load under the same condition,so that the land subsidence caused by cluster loads cannot be neglected.Taking Shamen village in the north of Zhengzhou,China,as an example,a finite-difference model based on the Biot consolidation theory to calculate the land subsidence caused by cluster loads was established in this paper.Cluster loads present the characteristics of large-area loads,and the land subsidence caused by cluster loads can have multiple primary consolidation processes due to the stress superposition of different buildings was shown by the simulation results.Pore water migration distances are longer when the cluster loads with high plot ratio are imposed,so that consolidation takes longer time.The higher the plot ratio is,the deeper the effective deformation is,and thus the greater the land subsidence is.A higher plot ratio also increases the contribution that the deeper stratigraphic layers make to land subsidence.Contrary to the calculated results of land subsidence caused by cluster loads and groundwater recession,the percentage of settlement caused by cluster loads in the total settlement was 49.43%and 55.06%at two simulated monitoring points,respectively.These data suggest that the cluster loads can be one of the main causes of land subsidence.  相似文献   

东昆仑夏日哈木地区二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

郭峰  王盘喜  卞孝东  冯乃琦 《中国地质调查》2020,7(6):51-60

东昆仑夏日哈木地区首次发现了早泥盆世二长花岗岩,对其开展年代学和地球化学特征研究,进一步探讨其岩石成因和构造地质背景。二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(412.1±5.7) Ma(MSWD=0.95),形成于早泥盆世早期; 岩石为过弱铝质亚碱性花岗岩,富SiO₂(含量为71.41%~72.46%)、K₂O(含量为5.27%~6.16%),贫Fe₂O₃(含量为1.86%~2.05%)、P₂O₅(含量为0.08%~0.12%),富集轻稀土元素,具明显的负Eu异常; 在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上可以看出,岩石明显富集Rb、Th、Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti、Ba。夏日哈木地区二长花岗岩属于I型花岗岩,其源岩可能由幔源岩浆底侵加热下地壳岩石致其部分熔融而形成,处于由同碰撞向后碰撞转换的构造环境,说明东昆仑夏日哈木地区在早泥盆世早期已进入伸展阶段。  相似文献   

长江河口潮波传播机制及阈值效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张先毅  黄竞争  杨昊  欧素英  刘锋  蔡华阳  杨清书 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):788-798

河口潮波传播过程受沿程地形(如河宽辐聚、水深变化)及上游径流等诸多因素影响,时空变化复杂。径潮动力非线性相互作用研究有利于揭示河口潮波传播的动力学机制,对河口区水资源高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文基于2007—2009年长江河口沿程天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山、芜湖的逐日高、低潮位数据及大通站日均流量数据,统计分析不同河段潮波衰减率与余水位坡度随流量的变化特征,结果表明潮波衰减率绝对值与余水位坡度随流量增大并不是单调递增,而是存在一个阈值流量和区域,对应潮波衰减效应的极大值。为揭示这一阈值现象,采用一维水动力解析模型对研究河段的潮波传播过程进行模拟。结果表明,潮波传播的阈值现象主要是由于洪季上游回水作用随流量加强,余水位及水深增大,导致河口辐聚程度减小,而余水位坡度为适应河口形状变化亦有所减小,从而形成相对应的阈值流量和区域。  相似文献   

利用稳定同位素(15N)示踪技术研究浮游藻类氮素吸收速率特征     

韩菲尔  赵中华  李大鹏  张路 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):811-821

浮游藻类对溶解态氮的吸收同化是湖泊氮生物循环和水体富营养化发生机制探讨的关键环节。本文通过~(15)N稳定同位素添加实验以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)、卡德藻(Tetraselmis sp.)、剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)以及盐水隐藻(Rhodomonas salina)为研究对象,从浮游藻类氮素吸收时间、营养盐基质以及藻种差异三个方面研究五种藻类对铵氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝氮(NO_3~--N)、尿素氮(Urea-N)三种形态氮的吸收特征。研究发现:(1)浮游藻类对三种形态氮的吸收均在1h时吸收速率最高,其氮素吸收过程为快速吸收。(2)浮游藻类优先吸收还原态氮,其中NH_4~+-N吸收速率最高,当培养周期为1d和4d时浮游藻类对NH_4~+-N吸收速率的均值分别为4.05和4.15μmol/(L·h);浮游藻类对Urea-N吸收相对偏好系数为25.18—713.42,表现出对小分子溶解态有机氮的特定偏好性。(3)不同藻种对氮素吸收具有不同特征,其中,剧毒卡尔藻对三种形态氮的吸收速率均为最高,而铜绿微囊藻的吸收速率均为最低;不同藻种不同培养时间氮素吸收速率差异与浮游藻类生长周期等特性有关。不同浮游藻类对不同形态氮素表现出吸收特异性,对水体氮负荷和浮游藻类水华优势种形成将产生重要影响。  相似文献   

资源环境承载协调理论与评价方法     

李瑞敏  殷志强  李小磊  刘琼  孟晖  黄道袤  王轶  王龙平  王欣宝  刘建奎  孙超  赵德刚 《地质通报》2020,(1):80-87

资源环境承载能力评价是进行国土空间规划和用途管控的基础性工作,越来越受到国家重视。在资源环境承载能力研究实践中,以自然资源环境系统及其与社会经济系统的关系为主要研究对象,创新性提出了"资源环境承载协调理论",并基于此理论初步建立了不同空间尺度的地质资源环境承载能力评价技术方法,构建了地质环境、地下水资源、矿产资源等不同资源环境要素的承载能力评价指标体系,包括承载本底评价指标和承载状态评价指标。规范了不同尺度的资源与环境承载能力评价流程,为有序推动全国、区域及市县尺度的自然单元和行政单元的地质资源环境承载能力评价工作提供了强有力的。  相似文献   

遥感技术在“6·17”丹巴堵江泥石流灾害链灾区应急救援抢险决策中的应用     

唐尧  王立娟  赵娟  张成信 《中国地质调查》2020,7(5):114-122

2020年6月17日,四川丹巴县半扇门镇梅龙沟发生泥石流,阻断小金川河,形成堰塞湖,造成重大财产损失与人员伤亡。为掌握第一手灾情,辅助开展应急救援,以国产高分二号卫星数据为主要数据源,结合无人机航空摄影数据和灾后现场调查等资料,开展了“6·17”丹巴堵江泥石流灾害链灾区应急调查与分析。研究认为: 灾区影响人口约6.5万人; 国网丹巴县供电公司应急救援队与小金县联通通信应急抢险救援队距离最近,半扇门中学等5所学校可作为临时安置避难场所备选; 受影响矿山企业6家、重要水库1座、水电站1座; 泥石流沟总体呈NW—SE向展布,掩没面积约14.27万m²; 堰塞湖湖面面积约1.03 km²,淹没区约49.8万m²,路基路面全毁路段约2.1 km,下游疑似灾害隐患点9处,因灾受损民居25处、桥梁5处; 优选了2条灾后通达性较好的通往泥石流重灾区的救援生命线。借助遥感技术深入分析泥石流灾害链影响人口等灾情先期研判、灾情灾损应急调查及应急救援生命通道优选,对我国西南山区类似条件地质灾害隐患点的应急抢险救援、防灾减灾工作具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Base cation concentrations in forest litter and topsoil have different responses to climate and tree species along elevational gradients   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XUE Feng  ZHAO Ming-fei  WANG Yu-hang  KANG Mu-yi  XING Kai-xiong  WANG Guo-yi  SHI Jing-jing  CHEN Chen  JIANG Yuan 《山地科学学报》2019,(1)

The forest litter is an essential reservoir of nutrients in forests, supplying a large part of absorbable base cations(BC) to topsoil, and facilitating plant growth within litter-soil system. To characterize elevational patterns of base cation concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil, and explore the effects of climate and tree species, we measured microclimate and collected the forest litter and topsoil(0-10 cm) samples across an elevational range of more than 2000 m(1243 ～ 3316 m a.s.l.),and analyzed the concentrations of BC in laboratory. Results showed that: 1) litter Ca concentration displayed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradients, but litter K and Mg showed saddle-shaped patterns. Soil Ca concentration increased with elevation, while soil K and Mg had no significant changes. 2) Ca concentration in the forest litter under aspen(Populus davidiana) was significantly higher than that in all other species, but in topsoil, Ca concentration was higher under coniferous larch and fir(Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii). Litter K and Mg concentrations was higher under coniferous larch and fir, whereas there were nosignificant differences among tree species in the concentrations of K and Mg in topsoil. 3) Climatic factors including mean annual temperature(MAT), growing season precipitation(GSP) and non-growing season precipitation(NGSP) determined BC concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil. Soil C/N and C/P also influenced BC cycling between litter and soil. Observation along elevations within different tree species implies that above-ground tree species can redistribute below-ground cations, and this process is profoundly impacted by climate. Litter and soil Ca, K and Mg with different responses to environmental variables depend on their soluble capacity and mobile ability.  相似文献   

Seismic amplitude inversion for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry     

Feng Zhang  Tuo Zhang  Xiang-Yang Li 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(9):2368-2385

Transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry is a common form of anisotropy in sedimentary basins, and it has a significant influence on the seismic amplitude variation with offset. Although exact solutions and approximations of the PP-wave reflection coefficient for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry have been explicitly studied, it is difficult to apply these equations to amplitude inversion, because more than three parameters need to be estimated, and such an inverse problem is highly ill-posed. In this paper, we propose a seismic amplitude inversion method for the transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry based on a modified approximation of the reflection coefficient. This new approximation consists of only three model parameters: attribute A, the impedance (vertical phase velocity multiplied by bulk density); attribute B, shear modulus proportional to an anellipticity parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε−δ); and attribute C, the approximate horizontal P-wave phase velocity, which can be well estimated by using a Bayesian-framework-based inversion method. Using numerical tests we show that the derived approximation has similar accuracy to the existing linear approximation and much higher accuracy than isotropic approximations, especially at large angles of incidence and for strong anisotropy. The new inversion method is validated by using both synthetic data and field seismic data. We show that the inverted attributes are robust for shale-gas reservoir characterization: the shale formation can be discriminated from surrounding formations by using the crossplot of the attributes A and C, and then the gas-bearing shale can be identified through the combination of the attributes A and B. We then propose a rock-physics-based method and a stepwise-inversion-based method to estimate the P-wave anisotropy parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε). The latter is more suitable when subsurface media are strongly heterogeneous. The stepwise inversion produces a stable and accurate Thomsen's parameter ε, which is proved by using both synthetic and field data.  相似文献   

1960-2015年青海三江源地区降水时空特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘晓琼  吴泽洲  刘彦随  赵新正  芮旸  张健 《地理学报》2019,74(9):1803-1820

青海三江源地区是中国生态系统最为敏感和脆弱的地区,其降水特别是生长季降水的波动,是影响本区及江河中下游水资源安全、生态系统可持续发展的关键因素。综合线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、BG分割算法、R/S、EEMD等多方法细致辨识了1960-2015年研究区降水量序列的时空特征。结果显示：① 三江源降水量总体呈现弱增趋势,21世纪以来降水量显著增加,各子源区气候倾向率不尽相同;② 年、季降水量自东南向西北递减,澜沧江源区夏季降水和黄河源区秋季降水呈弱减趋势,雨量弱减区在空间上呈斑块状分布;③ 年、季降水量年代际变化和增湿率的空间差异较明显,春夏季降水气候倾向率与经纬度、海拔的复相关性显著高于冬季;④ 20世纪90年代中后期,各子源区降水总体显现增强信号,并于2002年前后发生突变;⑤ 年际和低值年代际显著周期是造成降水量变动的主要因素;⑥ 除澜沧江源区夏季降水趋于减少外,其他年、季降水量变化呈现增幅不一的转湿趋势;⑦ 横向比较各子源区可见,长江源区降水变化更能表征高原气候变化。研究结果显示,研究区降水时空序列变化具有明显的区域和季节差异性特征,与以往类似研究存在些许差异,可见为有效提高气候序列演变过程及突变诊断的准确性,仍需进一步融合多方法实施集成分析。  相似文献